The mucus traps smaller particles like pollen or smoke. Igon Nazarko Teacher. What are the organs of the upper respiratory system? Upper respiratory tract: Composed of the nose, the pharynx , and the larynx , the organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the chest cavity. Leydi Makuha Teacher. How does food and air separate? Air , food and liquid all pass through this common passage, the oropharynx. The two passages separate again here, in the hypopharynx. Food and liquid pass backward into the esophagus on their way to the stomach.
Air passes forward through the larynx and into the trachea, on its way to the lungs. Ibrahin Tarit Reviewer. What are bronchi? Bronchi are the main passageway into the lungs. The bronchi become smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue and are then considered bronchioles.
These passageways then evolve into tiny air sacs called alveoli, which is the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the respiratory system. Ruoxi Reveles Reviewer. What is a healthy respiratory system? These include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. The respiratory system does two very important things: it brings oxygen into our bodies, which we need for our cells to live and function properly; and it helps us get rid of carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular function.
Marlen Holyuchenko Reviewer. What is the pathway of air into the body? Mazie Hakobyan Reviewer. What two muscles control breathing? Respiratory muscles. Ask A Question. Co-authors: 9. Updated On: 1st May, The epiglottis, a small flap of tissue, covers the air-only passage when we swallow, keeping food and liquid from going into the lungs. The larynx, or voice box, is the uppermost part of the air-only pipe.
This short tube contains a pair of vocal cords, which vibrate to make sounds. The trachea, or windpipe, extends downward from the base of the larynx. It lies partly in the neck and partly in the chest cavity. The walls of the trachea are strengthened by stiff rings of cartilage to keep it open. The trachea is also lined with cilia, which sweep fluids and foreign particles out of the airway so that they stay out of the lungs.
At its bottom end, the trachea divides into left and right air tubes called bronchi, which connect to the lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller bronchi and even smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes place.
Each lung houses about million alveoli. The lungs also contain elastic tissues that allow them to inflate and deflate without losing shape and are encased by a thin lining called the pleura.
This network of alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi is known as the bronchial tree. The chest cavity, or thorax, is the airtight box that houses the bronchial tree, lungs, heart, and other structures. The top and sides of the thorax are formed by the ribs and attached muscles, and the bottom is formed by a large muscle called the diaphragm. The chest walls form a protective cage around the lungs and other contents of the chest cavity.
Separating the chest from the abdomen, the diaphragm plays a lead role in breathing. It moves downward when we breathe in, enlarging the chest cavity and pulling air in through the nose or mouth.
When we breathe out, the diaphragm moves upward, forcing the chest cavity to get smaller and pushing the gases in the lungs up and out of the nose and mouth. The air we breathe is made up of several gases. Oxygen is the most important for keeping us alive because body cells need it for energy and growth.
Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced when carbon is combined with oxygen as part of the energy-making processes of the body. The lungs and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also enabling the body to get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.
The process of taking air into the lungs is inspiration, or inhalation, and the process of breathing it out is expiration, or exhalation. Air is inhaled through the mouth or through the nose. Cilia lining the nose and other parts of the upper respiratory tract move back and forth, pushing foreign matter that comes in with air like dust either toward the nostrils to be expelled or toward the pharynx.
The pharynx passes the foreign matter along to the stomach to eventually be eliminated by the body. As air is inhaled, the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth warm and humidify the air before it enters the lungs. When you breathe in, the diaphragm moves downward toward the abdomen, and the rib muscles pull the ribs upward and outward.
In this way, the volume of the chest cavity is increased. Air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs is reduced, and because gas flows from high pressure to low, air from the environment flows through the nose or mouth into the lungs.
In exhalation, the diaphragm moves upward and the chest wall muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to contract. Air pressure in the lungs rises, so air flows from the lungs and up and out of respiratory system through the nose or mouth.
Every few seconds, with each inhalation, air fills a large portion of the millions of alveoli. The alveoli also contain other cells known as type II pneumocytes. These cells secrete a substance known as surfactant that helps to decrease the surface tension in the alveoli.
The lungs contain about million alveoli. The lungs are two cone shaped structures residing in the thoracic cavity. The inferior portion of each lung reaches to the diaphragm. The superior portion extends about one inch above each clavicle. The right lung contains three lobes superior, middle and inferior and is larger than the left lung which contains two lobes superior and inferior.
The lobes are separated by fissures. The right lung includes a horizontal and oblique fissure while the left lung only contains an oblique fissure.
The medial surface of each lung contains an area known as the hilum where vessels enter and exit. The left lung also contains the cardiac notch which is an indentation for the heart. The lungs are surrounded by two pleural membranes. Lining the interior of the thoracic wall is the parietal pleural membrane. Both are serous membranes. A fluid known as pleural fluid is secreted by each membrane that reduces friction and helps to hold the membranes together.
Improve this page Learn More. Skip to main content. Module Overview of Body Systems. Search for:. Respiratory System Learning Outcomes Identify the structure and function of the respiratory system.
The U-shaped hyoid bone, located just under the chin, is an important contributor to both respiratory and digestive processes. The hyoid is attached to the tongue, and helps you to swallow at the start of digestion. In the respiratory system, structures that produce sound depend on the hyoid. The body and the greater horns of the bone serve as attachment points for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during speech as well as during swallowing.
Download Respiratory System Lab Manual. See more from our free eBook library. A description of the pharynx from the edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body. Drawing In and Processing Air. Common Respiratory System Diseases and Disorders. When you select "Subscribe" you will start receiving our email newsletter. Use the links at the bottom of any email to manage the type of emails you receive or to unsubscribe.
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