His son, Solomon, built the first holy Temple about 40 years later. The Babylonians occupied Jerusalem in B. Alexander the Great took control of Jerusalem in B. Over the next several hundred years, the city was conquered and ruled by different groups, including the Romans , Persians , Arabs, Fatimids, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders , Egyptians , Mamelukes and Islamists. Some key events with religious implications that took place in Jerusalem during this period include:. The British controlled the city and surrounding region until Israel became an independent state in Israel controlled the Western portions of it, while Jordan controlled East Jerusalem.
This ancient landmark is the holiest place in Judaism. The site is also the location of the first and second Temples and the spot where many Jewish prophets taught. Christians also believe the site is significant to their faith. Because it has religious and historical implications, occupation of the Temple Mount has been the cause of bitter conflict for centuries, especially between Jews and Muslims living nearby. But today, the Islamic Waqf governs what happens inside the compound, while Israeli forces control external security.
In A. During the Crusades , the Christians turned the landmark into a church. In , Muslims recaptured the Dome of the Rock and re-designated it as a shrine.
Both structures are considered holy to Muslims. The Western Wall is a section of ancient remnant wall from the second Jewish Temple. Each year, millions of Jews from around the world visit the wall. Because Muslims control the Temple Mount the true site of the ancient Temples , the Western Wall is considered the holiest place where Jews can pray.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built in A. Thousands of Christian pilgrims from around the world travel to this church each year. Many regard it as the holiest Christian site in the world. Jewish law forbids Jews from praying in the Temple Mount. Resolution , issued on 20 August Resolution , issued on 8 September Resolution , issued on 22 December Resolution , issued on 13 March The issue of the status of East Jerusalem, annexed by Israel but regarded by Palestinians as part of the capital of their own state, remains difficult.
In , Israel announced a controversial plan to expand Jerusalem by annexing nearby towns. The plan was widely condemned by Arab countries and UN council members.
Israel said it would freeze such a measure. Since the start of the second Intifada of September , Israel has routinely annexed access of the local Arab towns to Jerusalem, thus sealing the city for its own designs.
Published On 9 Dec Jerusalem history But for many people throughout history, Jerusalem has been a prized possession and much fought over. David invades In BC, the Israelite king, David, invaded Jerusalem and walled and fortified the city against further invasion. Jerusalem is a spiritual capital for Jews, Christians and Muslims Jerusalem is a spiritual capital for Jews, Christians and Muslims Jesus preached the importance of worshipping one God in the towns of Nazareth and Galilee where he lived.
A Roman capital After Jerusalem was conquered by the Romans, it became the capital of the Herod dynasty that ruled under the direction of Rome. Tiles inside the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem Tiles inside the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem His most notable work is the beautiful tile work commissioned for the exterior of the Dome of the Rock.
A master plan European Jewish immigration into Jerusalem was also on the rise and has been seen by some groups as pivotal to a master plan concieved by Zionists. The capital question After the war, Jerusalem was made the capital of Palestine but held under British mandate.
Land in Jewish hands Approximately 15, Arabs have been deported and replaced since , according to UN figures, in order to increase the Jewish numbers in the city. Further to this, the most important resolutions issued by the UN and the Security Council concerning Jerusalem have been: 1. Resolution , issued by the Security Council on 3 July , confirmed resolution The old city of Jerusalem Go to top.
More from News. Several killed in Bangladesh rural council elections amid boycott. Pakistan takes far-right leader off terror list to end protests. Most Read. In Pictures: Hindus bathe in frothy, polluted Indian river. The famous golden roof of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. We ascend steps toward the magnificent Dome of the Rock—which was built during the same period as the Al-Aqsa Mosque to the south, between A.
Its provenance remains a subject of debate among historians, pitting the majority, who claim early Muslims built it, against those who insist it is a Byzantine Christian structure. But other historians counter that the eastern entrance to the Mount, where the Golden Gate was built, was important to the Byzantines because their interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew holds that Jesus entered the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives to the east when he joined his disciples for the Passover meal.
And in A. Fifteen years later, after defeating the Persians, Heraclius, a Byzantine emperor, is said to have brought the True Cross back to the holy city—passing from the Mount of Olives to the Temple Mount, and then to the Holy Sepulchre. In addition, Barkay has found archival photographs taken during renovations of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the late s that appear to reveal Byzantine mosaics beneath the structure—further evidence that some sort of public building had been constructed at the site.
After the war his father—who had spent a year in a Nazi forced labor camp in Ukraine—established the first Israeli delegation in Budapest, and the family emigrated to Israel in Barkay earned his doctorate in archaeology at Tel Aviv University. In , exploring a series of ancient burial caves in an area of Jerusalem above the Valley of Hinnom, he made a remarkable discovery: two 2,year-old silver scrolls delicately etched with the priestly blessing that Aaron and his sons bestowed on the children of Israel, as mentioned in the Book of Numbers.
Barkay and I get into my car and drive toward Mount Scopus. He shrugs. You can do it to the right, to the left, on the face of an Arab or a Jew. Still, some criticism of Barkay stems not from politics but from skepticism about his methodology. Natsheh is not the only archaeologist to raise questions about the value of artifacts not found in situ. The dirt excavated by the Waqf is landfill from previous eras. Collectively, he says, the landfill includes artifacts from all periods of the site.
But Israeli archaeologist Danny Bahat told the Jerusalem Post that, since the dirt was filler, the layers do not represent a meaningful chronology. Barkay, not surprisingly, rejects this suggestion, citing the frequent finds of Ottoman glazed wall-tile fragments from the Dome of the Rock, dating back to the 16th century, when Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent repaired and beautified the shrine.
For instance, the opus sectile pieces Barkay found in the soil were precisely the same—in terms of material, shape and dimensions—as those that Herod used in palaces at Jericho, Masada and Herodium. A Crusader arrowhead made of iron. This is a Hasmonean coin, from the dynasty that ruled Judah in the second century B. Leading me outside the plastic-covered building, Barkay squints into the sunlight.
We can see the Temple Mount in the distance, the sunlight glinting off the golden-topped Dome of the Rock. Joshua Hammer wrote about the Bamiyan Buddhas in the November issue. Ask Smithsonian A Smithsonian magazine special report. Non-Muslims use a wood ramp to enter the complex, home to the gilded Dome of the Rock, an Islamic shrine, and the Western Wall, holy to Jews. Polaris My stint as an amateur archaeologist began one morning on the southern slope of Mount Scopus, a hill on the northern outskirts of Jerusalem.
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