Dumping syndrome, also called rapid gastric emptying, occurs when food moves too quickly from the stomach into the first section of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. Symptoms of dumping syndrome include cramps, diarrhea , and nausea after eating, particularly after eating high-sugar foods. Dumping syndrome can be treated through dietary and lifestyle changes. More severe cases may require medication or surgery.
Read on to learn more about the symptoms and causes of dumping syndrome, and the available treatment options. There are two phases of dumping syndrome:.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , approximately 75 percent of people with dumping syndrome experience early dumping syndrome, and around 25 percent experience late dumping syndrome. Some people experience both phases. Symptoms are quick to come on after eating, especially if the meal was high in sugar. People with early dumping syndrome may experience:. Occurring within 3 hours of meals, late dumping syndrome can cause low blood sugar, which may lead to the following symptoms:.
Some people may experience symptoms of both early and late dumping syndrome. In healthy individuals, food moves from the stomach into the intestines over the course of several hours. With dumping syndrome, however, food particles are not stored in the stomach for long enough and are emptied into the duodenum too quickly.
Early dumping syndrome is caused by the sudden arrival of a large amount of food in the stomach. After surgery, food moves from your stomach into your small intestine more quickly than usual. Surgery that affects the way your stomach empties food can also cause this condition. Ask your doctor whether you need a nutritional supplement. For more severe dumping syndrome, your doctor can prescribe octreotide Sandostatin. This drug changes how your digestive tract works, slowing down the emptying of your stomach into your intestine.
It also blocks the release of insulin. You can take this drug as an injection under your skin, an injection into your hip or arm muscle, or intravenously. Some side effects of this drug include changes in blood sugar levels, nausea, pain where you get the injection, and foul-smelling stool. If none of these treatments help, you can have surgery to reverse gastric bypass or fix the opening from your stomach to your small intestine pylorus. Dumping syndrome is a complication of stomach bypass or stomach reduction surgery.
Other complications related to this surgery include:. Early dumping syndrome often gets better without treatment in a few months. Dietary changes and medicine may help. In short bowel syndrome, some portion of the small or large intestine doesn't function properly. What causes this symptom, and can it be cured? Diabetes can cause long-term damage, from foot to nerve complications. Your stomach is a muscular sac about the size of a small melon that expands when you eat or drink to hold as much as a gallon about 4 liters of food or liquid.
Once your stomach pulverizes the food, strong muscular contractions peristaltic waves push the food toward the pyloric valve, which leads to the upper portion of your small intestine duodenum.
In dumping syndrome, food and gastric juices from your stomach move to your small intestine in an uncontrolled, abnormally fast manner. This is most often related to changes in your stomach associated with surgery.
Dumping syndrome can occur after any stomach surgery or major esophageal surgery, such as removal of the esophagus esophagectomy. Before gastric bypass, food see arrows enters your stomach and passes into the small intestine. After surgery, the amount of food you can eat is reduced due to the smaller stomach pouch. Food is also redirected so that it bypasses most of your stomach and the first section of your small intestine duodenum. Food flows directly into the middle section of your small intestine jejunum , limiting the absorption of calories.
Surgery that alters your stomach can increase your risk of dumping syndrome. These surgeries are most commonly performed to treat obesity, but are also part of treatment for stomach cancer, esophageal cancer and other conditions.
These surgeries include:. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. This can lead to lightheadedness or even fainting. Symptoms of late dumping happen because of a decrease in blood sugar level reactive hypoglycemia. Reactive hypoglycemia is low blood sugar caused 1 to 3 hours after a large surge of insulin. You are more likely to have dumping syndrome if you eat a meal heavy in starches or sugars. The sugars can be either fructose or table sugar sucrose. Insulin levels can increase to high levels, and then lower your blood sugar too much.
Dumping syndrome occurs in up to half of people who have had a part of their stomach removed for any reason. Most people have early dumping symptoms. Typical early dumping symptoms can include:. About 1 in 4 people have late dumping symptoms. The symptoms of late dumping syndrome can include:. Your healthcare team will likely diagnose dumping syndrome based on your symptoms and when they occur.
Tell your provider which foods or liquids give you symptoms. You may also need to have a glucose tolerance test or hydrogen breath test to help your healthcare provider diagnose you.
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